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Ethereum L2s and EVM chains · 49 guides

Ethereum L2s and EVM chains, one address each.

Your 0x address is the same on every EVM network, but each one keeps its own history. Add the address for each chain you use and HashBooks reads transfers, swaps and gas fees from all of them into one ledger.

Every guide

49 EVM chains, one ledger.

EthereumPolygon PoSArbitrum OneAvalanche C-ChainAbstractAnimechainApeChainArbitrum NovaAstarBaseBerachainBlastBNB Smart ChainBotanixCeloCrossFiDegen ChainFantomFlow EVMFraxtalGeistGnosisHumanity ProtocolHyperEVMInkLensLineaMantleMetisopBNBOP MainnetPlasmaPolygon zkEVMPolynomialRoninRootstockScrollSeiSettlusShapeSoneiumSonicStorySuperseedUnichainWorld ChainZetaChainZKsync EraZora

Your country

How it’s taxed where you live.

Shown for the country you picked at the top of the page, with a link to the full rules in the HashBooks help centre.

United States · Form 8949

  • Selling, swapping or spending what you hold on EVM chains. Selling, swapping or spending crypto is a capital gain or loss: short-term at 10–37% if held a year or less, 0, 15 or 20% if held longer. More on EVM chains in United States
  • Rewards and interest from EVM chains. Staking rewards, interest and other rewards are ordinary income at their dollar value when received; that value becomes their cost basis. More on EVM chains in United States
  • NFTs bought or sold through EVM chains. Selling an NFT at a gain is a capital gain; buying one isn’t taxable, it sets your cost basis. More on EVM chains in United States
  • Moving coins to or from EVM chains. Moving crypto between your own wallets and accounts isn’t taxable. More on EVM chains in United States
  • Cost basis. Since 1 January 2025 cost basis is tracked per wallet or exchange; HashBooks uses FIFO, lot by lot. More on EVM chains in United States

Full rules: the United States crypto tax guide in the help centre, or the United States overview.

United Kingdom · SA108

Full rules: the United Kingdom crypto tax guide in the help centre, or the United Kingdom overview.

India · Schedule VDA

  • Selling, swapping or spending what you hold on EVM chains. Each sale or swap is a transfer taxed at a flat 30% plus 4% cess on the gain. Losses can’t be set off, and only the cost of acquisition is deductible. More on EVM chains in India
  • Rewards and interest from EVM chains. Staking, airdrop and other rewards are income at your slab rate when received; selling them later is a separate 30% transfer. More on EVM chains in India
  • NFTs bought or sold through EVM chains. NFTs are virtual digital assets: a sale is a transfer taxed at 30% plus cess on the gain. More on EVM chains in India
  • Moving coins to or from EVM chains. Moving crypto between your own wallets and exchanges isn’t a transfer. More on EVM chains in India

Full rules: the India crypto tax guide in the help centre, or the India overview.

See the rules for your country.

Taxed or not

What creates tax, and what doesn’t.

What’s taxable on EVM chains in United States
On EVM chainsTaxable in United States?How
Swapping one coin for anotherYesA disposal of the coin you give up, at market value.
Buying and selling NFTsYesA sale is a capital gain or loss; collectible NFTs can be taxed at up to 28% long-term.
Rewards, staking and interestIncomeOrdinary income at fair market value when received.
Bridging to another networkNoMoving your own coins between networks isn’t a sale, unless you receive a different asset.
Paying network feesDependsUsually added to cost or deducted from proceeds of the trade it paid for.
Moving to your own walletNoMoving between your own wallets and accounts.
What’s taxable on EVM chains in United Kingdom
On EVM chainsTaxable in United Kingdom?How
Swapping one coin for anotherYesA disposal at market value.
Buying and selling NFTsYesA disposal for Capital Gains Tax, unless you trade NFTs as a business.
Rewards, staking and interestIncomeIncome at the pound value when received.
Bridging to another networkDependsNot a disposal if you keep beneficial ownership of the same asset.
Paying network feesDependsFees on a disposal are an allowable cost.
Moving to your own walletNoMoving between your own wallets.
What’s taxable on EVM chains in India
On EVM chainsTaxable in India?How
Swapping one coin for anotherYesA transfer of the coin you give up, taxed at 30% plus cess; TDS applies on both legs.
Buying and selling NFTsYesA virtual digital asset: 30% plus cess on the gain.
Rewards, staking and interestIncomeAt your slab rate when received.
Bridging to another networkNoMoving your own crypto isn’t a transfer.
Paying network feesNoNot deductible: only the cost of acquisition counts.
Moving to your own walletNoMoving between your own wallets and exchanges.

Worked example

The numbers, worked through.

Illustrative figures for the country you picked, from the worked examples in the HashBooks help centre.

Bridge 1 ETH, then swap it on the network

Illustrative · United States

Bridge 1 ETH, then swap it on the network, line by line
Bridge 1 ETH from Ethereum (cost $2,000)Not a sale
Swap the ETH for tokens worth$2,600
Cost basis carried over the bridge−$2,000
Gain on the swap$600
Gas paid in ETH, added to cost−$4
Reported gain$596

The bridge keeps your original cost; the swap is the taxable event. The full example in the help centre.

Bridge 1 ETH, then swap it on the network

Illustrative · United Kingdom

Bridge 1 ETH, then swap it on the network, line by line
Bridge 1 ETH (pool cost £1,600)Not a disposal
Swap the ETH for tokens worth£2,100
Allowable cost from the pool−£1,600
Gas on the swap−£3
Gain£497

Counts towards your £3,000 annual exempt amount. The full example in the help centre.

Bridge 1 ETH, then swap it on the network

Illustrative · India

Bridge 1 ETH, then swap it on the network, line by line
Bridge 1 ETH (cost ₹1,70,000)Not a transfer
Swap the ETH for tokens worth₹2,20,000
Cost of acquisition−₹1,70,000
Gain (gas isn’t deductible)₹50,000
Tax at 30% plus 4% cess₹15,600

On-chain swaps have no exchange to deduct TDS, so check whether you need to pay it. The full example in the help centre.

Other groups

Browse by what you use.

Indian exchanges

Crypto tax for WazirX, CoinDCX, CoinSwitch, ZebPay, Bitbns, Mudrex and more: Section 115BBH per transfer, 1% TDS matched to Form 26AS and Schedule VDA.

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Derivatives and perpetuals exchanges

Tax for crypto futures and perpetual swaps on Bybit, OKX, Hyperliquid, dYdX, Deribit and 40+ more: realised PnL and funding payments in your report.

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Self-custody wallets

Crypto tax for MetaMask, Ledger Live, Phantom, Trust Wallet, Rabby and more.

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Exchanges for US customers

Crypto tax for exchanges that serve US customers — Coinbase, Kraken, Gemini, Crypto.com and more — reconciled with Form 1099-DA and filled into Form 8949.

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Exchanges for UK and EU customers

Crypto tax for exchanges serving the UK and EU — Kraken, Coinbase, Bitvavo, Bitstamp, Revolut X and more — with SA108, Anlage SO and Form CG1 reports.

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Questions

Ethereum L2s and EVM chains, answered.

Do I need a separate address for each EVM chain?

No: the same 0x address works on every EVM network. Each network keeps its own history, though, so add the address once for each chain you’ve used.

Is bridging between chains taxable?

Moving your own asset across a bridge is generally a transfer, not a sale. A bridge that hands you a different token can be a disposal. HashBooks matches both sides when both addresses are connected.

Can HashBooks move or spend my crypto?

No. It reads data and nothing else — the product contains no code that can trade, withdraw or transfer. We never ask for a seed phrase, a private key or your exchange password. API keys are encrypted with AES-256-GCM and deleted the moment you remove the connection.

Something else? Read all questions and answers, ask us or browse the help centre.

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